Eficiência da Convenção Fotovoltaica: Explorando as Características de Lote de Células Solares de Silício Policristalino

Abstract

The spectral response measurement system is crucial for analyzing cell characteristics and determining parameters such as spectral response and efficiency. This system evaluates how a detector responds to different wavelengths of light, making it essential in characterizing cells for various applications. Therefore, research on solar radiation in photovoltaic cells directly benefits from the detailed analysis of the cells’ spectral characteristics, optimizing energy generation systems. This work aims to characterize a batch of polycrystalline silicon solar cells to obtain current-voltage curves (I x V) of the solar cells and verify the standardization of the spectral response of the samples. Given this context, a simulation was carried out on twenty photovoltaic cells on the premises of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) laboratory. In this simulation, the incidence of solar rays was reproduced to generate data that would enable the analysis of electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and cell efficiency. Subsequently, a monochromator was used, a device responsible for regulating the wavelength of the incident light and detecting the different bands of light incident on the solar cells. This made it possible to obtain the spectral response that represents the variation in the cell’s efficiency in different parts of the solar spectrum, providing adjustment of cellular properties to obtain maximum use of available sunlight. In view of this, it was possible to observe that of the twenty cells analyzed, nineteen obtained satisfactory results, remaining 2% above the expected efficiency. Subsequently, only six photovoltaic cells were examined to analyze the spectral response, thus identifying an irregularity in the curve where, at a specific point, a significant drop occurs, followed immediately by a return to the normal state. This led to the conclusion that, at a certain point, there was a decrease in the incidence of light on the solar cells. In short, it was possible to see that the majority of the cells analyzed are in the I x V curve pattern and have relatively adequate efficiency for their use.