Modelos institucionais de regulamentação do setor energético: um estudo comparado entre os setores de energia elétrica do Brasil e da França

Abstract

It is developed a historical-comparative institucional systems and analysis of regulation between Brazilian and French electrical energy sectors. The purpose is to propose some corrections of the Brazilian process. In the theoretic discussions, it is presented a survey of the literature concerned to the conventionally so-called regulation economy. By characterizing the studied sectors as "public services" which, at the same time, provide typical network characteristics, it is discussed aspects of the current debates. The currently public service-named definition from the juridical focus is an aspect. Another, is the difficulty of setting organizacional patterns to those sectors that are compatible with the public service inherent missions as well as with the introduction of larger competition in those activities. Common aspects to both countries, related to the way how governments have organized econommically and institutionally the so-called public monopolies of the energy sectors, are identified. However, due to incite of the international competition and the economic blocks, among othres , it is showed that these countries started to adopt divergent behaviors in relation to policies linked to eletric energy sectors. From this background, it is assessed that the liberal character regulator framework adopted by the current Brazilian Government, for the studied sectors, is unsustainable from the economics autonomous growing point of view, from its articulation with public policies and, particularly, the distribution aspects. Consequently, some suggestions on regulation policy measures, inspired on French experience, are enumerated, focussing the corrections of some identified problems on the existent regulation structures of the Brazilian electric energy sector.