Construção de um biodigestor de escala residencial para acomodação de resíduos orgânicos, obtenção de bioga s e biofertilizante

Abstract

In Brazil, 200,000 tonnes of Urban Solid Waste (USW) were generated in the year 2019, and approximately 50% of all USW consists of organic waste. The majority of these organic residues are discarded without any reuse, with only about 2% undergoing any form of treatment. Considering the importance of treating this fraction with minimal energy expenditure, as well as the numerous benefits to the environment, this study focused on constructing a residentialscale biodigester to accommodate household organic waste. The biodigester not only managed domestic organic waste but also produced and utilized the by-products of microbial decomposition reactions within the reservoir, namely biogas and biofertiliser. To implement the project, it was necessary to collect organic waste from the Institutional Refectory of IFBA, Vitória da Conquista campus. These waste materials were then accommodated in the biodigester, and the resulting products of microbial decomposition reactions were successfully obtained. Despite some necessary corrections, particularly in the purification system, the project excelled in various aspects, and the achieved results were successful. The production of biogas and biofertiliser was accomplished. To assess the treatment of organic waste, the volume of decomposed organic matter was quantified. Furthermore, a cost-benefit analysis of the prototype was conducted in relation to the prevailing minimum wage to affirm the economic viability of its usage, thereby validating a sustainable alternative for the campus. The purification system requires further adjustments to achieve the production of biomethane.