Transformações no território do município de Eunápolis-BA após a instalação da indústria de celulose

Abstract

The municipality of Eunápolis, located in the state of Bahia, became part of the state economy driven by the development generated by the pulp industry that was installed in the region since the 1990s. Thus, this research sought to demonstrate, in the form of articles, the environmental, economic and social changes that have occurred in the municipality in the past three decades. The first article, entitled: “Eucalyptus, environment and the question of the field in the extreme south of Bahia”, demonstrates how the insertion of eucalyptus in this part of the state became a vector of economic growth and, at the same time, promoted intense spatial transformations in the different municipalities. In addition, the study pointed out that the advancement of silviculture in the extreme south of Bahia has generated several impacts, ranging from irregularities in the environmental licensing process, disrespect for environmental laws and regulations, appropriation of indigenous areas to the disarticulation of family farming. In the second article: “The urban expansion of Eunápolis and its relationship with the advance of eucalyptus monoculture in the extreme south of Bahia”, the correlation between the demographic increase in the city and the advance of silviculture in the region was demonstrated. The article also demonstrates that even with the evolution of socioeconomic indicators, the demographic growth of the city, associated with the lack of planning, triggered social problems. In the third article: “Spatio-temporal evolution of land use and occupation and analysis of the efficiency of the NDVI, NDBI and Built-Up indices”, changes in land use in the municipality of Eunápolis were presented in the years 1996, 2007 and 2018, as well as an analysis, through equations, of the variations in the spectral indices of the NDVI (Normalized Density Vegetation Index), NDVI (Normalized Difference Built Index) and Built-Up Index for the years 2007 and 2015. The results found showed variation in all the classes of land cover during the studied period. The most significant changes were in the areas destined to the cultivation of eucalyptus, jumping from 3,67% in 1996 to 15,46% in 2018, and in pastures, reducing from 72,02% to 50,45% in the same period for the area of the municipality