Bioprodutos de resíduos orgânicos: a Bioeconomia como uma oportunidade para novos empreendimentos na região do Extremo Sul da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

Every year, the need for food increases as a result of population growth and consumption patterns and causes the expansion of agricultural production accelerates, generating more and more waste. Inadequate disposal of this waste is a problem in much regions of Brazil and is no different in the Extreme South of Bahia, which has a high agricultural production, mainly of sugarcane. This, in turn, generates a large volume of agricultural waste disposed of improperly, which causes various environmental damage. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate, initially, the alternatives used in the reuse of agro-industrial residues produced by agricultural crops with potential application for the Extreme South region of Bahia, Brazil. In addition, this work aimed to analyze the viability of the production of briquettes (ecological wood), using bagasse as a secondary raw material, residue from the processing of sugarcane, bringing through the commercialization of these briquettes produced a new income opportunity to the Extreme South of Bahia, Brazil. In the first stage, a systematic review was carried out by searching for scientific articles in the SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the keywords "bioproduct" and "waste", in the years 2015 to March 2021. In the second stage, an exploratory research was carried out, which aimed to offer information about its object and guide the formulation of hypotheses. Data collection was carried out through bibliographic research and direct market research with suppliers. To perform the financial analysis of the project and verify the Payback, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present Value (NPV), an electronic spreadsheet was used. The results showed 96 agro-industrial residues derived from 48 agricultural products that generated more than 200 bioproducts, which demonstrates the potential of the theme for the creation of several bioproducts in the region, mainly with sugarcane residues. In the financial analysis, the sale of briquettes made from sugarcane bagasse showed a net profit, after Income Tax, of R$ 1,750,597.27 in 10 years, IRR of 73%, NPV of R$ 532,207.39, Payback of only 18 months and Minimum Attractiveness Rate above 18%, for the production of 54 tons/month of briquettes produced, reusing around 156 tons of bagasse/month. The implementation of this 9 enterprise indicates the possibility of a new source of income, in addition to bringing economic, social and environmental benefits to the region