Avaliação do potencial antioxidante e fotoprotetor em Plantas coletadas na Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been used to treat illnesses for a long time. The great diversity of plant species and the increase in demand for herbal medicines and the need to validate their pharmacological properties led to the emergence of numerous studies. Among these studies, the use of secondary metabolites with photoprotective action, which has become essential for the prevention of diseases related to exposure to solar radiation, because of the consequences of this exposure and the excess production of free radicals, which are reactive species that stimulate production of melanin by the enzyme tyrosinase, which leads to damage that may be irreversible to the skin. In this work, two articles are presented. The first deals with an associative review of Brazilian plants evaluated for photoprotective and tyrosinase inhibitory effects in vitro, in the period from 2010 to 2020, by searching the PubMed, Scopus and Academic Google databases. In the survey, studies in the five Brazilian biomes were analyzed, which demonstrated plants evaluated for the inhibitory action of tyrosinase (AIT) and the sun protection factor (SPF). It was possible to observe in the review that SPF and (AIT) were associated most of the time with chemical compounds such as kojic acid, thymol, epilantol, quercetin, rutin and phenolic compounds from the most varied classes. The second article used plants occurring in the Atlantic Forest biome of southern Bahia, aiming to evaluate the total phenolic content and the relationship between antioxidant and photoprotective activity by optimizing extractant mixtures by simplex planning. Three plants were evaluated: Copaifera lucens Dwyer, Schnella angulosa (Vogel) Wunderlin and Miconia albicans (SW) Triana, where the results revealed that C. lucens Dwyer had higher phenolic content and Schnella angulosa (Vogel) Wunderlin (stem) showed better antioxidant activity. Despite presenting (FPS), none of the species presented significant values required by legislation for use as a sunscreen