Sociedades sustentáveis e educação ambiental na Escola Indígena Pataxó da Reserva da Jaqueira

Abstract

The work intends to understand the educational actions of socio-environmental nature of the Pataxó Indigenous School of the Jaqueira Reserve (Porto Seguro, BA), trying to correlate them with the concept of Critical Environmental Education (EA). Using participant observation and the field diary as methods for data collection, the researcher monitored the classes and helped the teachers of the multigrade classes of Elementary School I in the morning and afternoon period, on two days a week between April and December 2019, totaling about 136 hours of field research activities. Complementing the participant observation and the field diary, the content of the Pataxó indigenous literary production found in the school library and used by teachers and students for reading activities was performed. Thus, the data found in the indigenous literature, in the observations made in the field and recorded in the diary, were correlated with the representative theoretical references of the Critical EA. In addition, as part of the analysis based on the interpretation of all data collected in the field, the Matrix for Evaluation of Environmental Education Projects was completed. It could be seen that the activities of the Pataxó Indigenous School of the Jaqueira Reserve have characteristics of Critical EE in most of its actions inside and outside the classroom, characterized as emancipatory, in addition to being interdisciplinary. However, it was also clear that these actions precede the concepts of Critical EA. The socio-educational actions carried out at the school constantly bring up socio-environmental and cultural issues in the activities, fostering a critical discourse for the strengthening and permanence of indigenous culture, explaining and debating issues such as environmental management, plant recognition, Pataxó graphics, use of natural materials, cultural strengthening through clothing and rituals, storytelling, music, teaching Patxohã (Pataxó language), maintenance of culture and the group through teaching passed from generation to generation, among many other means that characterize the teaching of the school as a promoter building sustainable societies