Etnobotânica de plantas com potencial para extração de óleo e resina na reserva Pataxó da Jaqueira, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

Ethnobotany is a science that seeks to rescue the relationship of affinity between human beings and plants, which can highlight the needs of the communities and uses of each plant. In this sense, the Pataxó da Jaqueira Reserve (RPJ) needs studies on the botanical knowledge of the indigenous people themselves in order to implement, generate income for them and show the ancestral relationship of the Pataxó people. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out an ethnobotanical survey of species with potential for oil and resin extraction in the RPJ located in the municipality of Porto Seguro - BA, promoting the possibility of generating and diversifying income for the populations involved, with rational use of the natural resources present in these areas. A bibliometric study of ethnobotanical works in Brazil from 2010 to 2020 was carried out. In order to carry out the ethnobotanical study of oleaginous species in the RPJ, interviews were carried out with community members and botanical collections were carried out with the participation of community members. In the analysis of ethnobotanical publications it was found that, the highlight of the Journal of Ethnopharmacology as the main source of publications on ethnobotanical studies in the last decade, the Northeast region concentrated the largest number of works carried out, the Atlantic Forest was the biome where there were more studies ethnobotanicals and medicinal plants have proven to be at the heart of ethnobotanical research in recent years. The analyzes of the interviews show a rich diversity of species and diverse uses, with 21 plants with potential for oil and/or resin extraction being found in the RPJ. Among the most cited, there is the species Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (amescla), which is widely mentioned and used for resin extraction, in rituals and in the treatment of diseases, having the greatest value for use by the community. The knowledge of plants with potential for oil and/or resin extraction mentioned in the interviews demonstrates the strong cultural richness and relationship of the indigenous peoples of the RPJ with the natural resources of the reserve, evidenced by ethnoknowledge applied to medicinal use and extraction processes. Finally, we emphasize the importance of valuing this knowledge through actions to return results to the researched community, as well as the continuity of research that advances the investigation