Efetividade da gestão de unidades de conservação marinhas da Costa Brasileira

Abstract

Marine environments play an essential role in the terrestrial ecosystem, yet more than half of the oceans are under some kind of threat, mainly related to anthropic actions. One of the most effective means of protecting marine and coastal biodiversity is through the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (AMPs). PA managers, both marine and terrestrial, face many challenges, so studies that assess the effectiveness of UC management are essential for providing information to help them manage these areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the management of 10 AMPs on the Brazilian Coast according to the perspective of the Manager, the Management Council and Researchers working in these areas using the Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of the Management of Protected Areas (RAPPAM). The results showed that of the AMPs evaluated, two have high effectiveness, six have medium effectiveness and two low management effectiveness. Also according to the results, seven AMPs present a significant difference between the evaluations of the segments and two changed the management category when comparing the traditional method of evaluation (only the Manager's perspective) with the one proposed in this work (Manager, the Management Board and Researchers). Managers tend to give higher marks to management, while the Management Board gives lower marks. In addition, a positive relationship was found between the length of experience in the AMP and the variation in the effectiveness value provided by them, indicating that AMPs with actors with older performance had less variation in the effectiveness value for the same AMP. It was also observed that in the studied AMPs, in general, there is the establishment of goals and the actions are well planned and structured for conservation, however, these are not being put into practice due mainly to the lack of financial resources, given the greater performance of the “Planning” element against the lowest of the “Results” and “Inputs” elements. Thus, it was concluded that Managers, Management Council and Researchers have different perceptions regarding the effectiveness of the management of MPAs, so it is recommended that other social actors be included for evaluations