Estudo de espécies vegetais bioativas da Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia

Abstract

The human being has used plant species for medicinal treatments for a long time and several substances have already been isolated, however, many compounds are still unknown due to the great biodiversity existing in the plant kingdom. Such compounds from plants can have beneficial actions on human health, such as antioxidant action and inhibiting enzymes such as α-glycosidase. This enzyme, together with the excessive production of free radicals in the body, are associated with pathological processes such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneratives, HIV infections and tumors. Thus, this dissertation presents a study divided into two articles, where the objective of the first article of this research is to find bioactive plant species from the Atlantic Forest of the South of Bahia that present phenolic or flavonoid compounds with antioxidant action. Based on this, samples of Copaifera lucens, Neomarica portosecurensis, Miconia albicans, Croton celtidifolius and Schnella angulosa, were analyzed for antioxidant activity using the DPPH free radical scavenging method, and evaluation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, in addition to chemical analysis in HPLC-DAD for identification and quantification of phenolic acids. The results indicate that the leaves of the species C. lucens (white) and M. albicans, the stem of S. angulosa and the latex of C. celtidifolius have strong antioxidant activity. In addition, it was possible to identify 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid in all extracts of the species S. angulosa, C. lucense M. albicans through analysis in CLAE-DAD. The second article presents a review about Brazilian plants with in vitro evaluation against the enzyme α-glycosidase in the period from 2009 to 2019 using the databases of Scopus, Science Direct Journals and Scielo. The species that presented values of minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) below 50 μg / mL in the published articles, were defined as more intense inhibitors, revealing Brazilian plants that can act as candidates for the treatment of diabetes and in the development of medication