Impacto ambiental e previsão da geração de resíduos sólidos em Porto Seguro - BA

Abstract

The increasing increase and diversification in the production of solid urban waste-RSU, coupled with changes in consumption habits, has made the final disposal of this, one of the main challenges to be faced in the world. In most municipalities in Brazil, this problem is aggravated by inadequate openair dumping without proper treatment. This reality is no different for Porto Seguro - BA, which owned a landfill and was discontinued, becoming an open-air dump and causing several environmental problems. In this sense, the objective of this work was to carry out an environmental impact study of the final waste disposal system in the municipality, to propose a dynamic model and to estimate the generation and financial return provided by the solid waste at the site. The impact verification methodologies adopted were the Waste Landfill Quality Index (IQR) of the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB) and spatial analysis using the QGIS software, while the construction of the dynamic model took place in the software STELLA, considered aspects related to the current system of the final disposition and the components produced, characterized according to the methodology proposed by NBR 10.007 of ABNT. The results indicated that the site presents inadequate conditions, not meeting the minimum requirements of the technical standards for waste management regarding socio-environmental aspects. The spatial analysis found the presence of housing units around the site, the proximity of hydrographs, including the Buranhém River, a future source for supplying the region and which has significant importance for the territory of the Costa do Descobrimento. The study also indicated the predominant presence of organic matter for the three sectors analyzed. In the hotels located on the shore, a significant amount of materials were found, such as plastic, PET, paper and cardboard. The daily production of waste in the low season is 150 tonnes and the high season is 212.5 tonnes, with an average per capita production of 1.5 kg / day. The modeling indicated the accumulated of 1,467,657,296.23 kg at the end of the 20-year period, with 651,233,215.86 kg of organic waste, corresponding to 44.37% of the total generated. Given the above, it is concluded that the waste coming from the local population is predominantly organic, which may be this, destined for energy generation and / or for the production of fertilizer through the composting process. Whereas, the waste produced by tourism can be reused through recycling, collaborating to reduce the solid waste that is sent to the dump. Since, due to the quantity of MSW produced, the landfill itself could be maintained with the recycling and reuse of materials. In addition, it is necessary to establish strategies and adopt measures that meet local demand and ensure proper waste management and management