Taipa de mão: uma proposta sustentável de habitação popular

Abstract

Vernacular techniques are ancient constructive practices, which have proved to be essential tools for human development, through self-construction contextualized with the users' culture and existing environmental conditions, as can be exemplified by "taipa de mão", a mixed technique of construction with land very widespread in the Northeast region of Brazil. However, modern industrialized techniques result in the replacement, distancing and devaluation of the potential of vernacular practices, a situation that generates degrading consequences for the environment, its exploitation and pollution, derived from conventional constructions, which makes it necessary to reflect on other efficient alternatives. . As a general objective of the research, it is proposed to elaborate an architectural proposal with a sustainable bias with the construction technique of "taipa de mão" for a low-income family located in the rural area of the Recôncavo Bahia. The architectural project was defined from a theoretical basis, exemplified by the specific objective of analyzing, through empirical and scientific contributions, the possibilities with the hand rammed earth technique, its advantages, disadvantages and application for low-cost self-construction. To achieve the established objectives, bibliographic and documental research were carried out, a technical visit to a contemporary house in rammed earth, practical participation and the production of the architectural project of the proposal were carried out. Finally, the theme presented is relevant and presents several favorable points for its execution, the project produced and the constructive typology is aligned with sustainability, quality, low cost and simple execution. However, in order to reach the final quality, it is necessary to know how the constructive steps work in a conscious way and it is observed that there are great barriers due to the prejudice associated with hand rammed earth. It is hoped that research, studies, standards may favor the recognition of the potential for environmental and cultural preservation with the quality and feasibility of its application today.